TAKOBOTO

([verb]-te, connects two sentences)
I'm going to the book shop to buy it.

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ちゃわんをくちのところまでもってきて、はしでごはんをかきこむのはぎょうぎがわるい。

Bringing the bowl up to your mouth and shoveling rice in with chopsticks is bad manners.

このあかくておおきいくるまはたなかさんのです。

This large and red car is Mr Tanaka's.

ほんやにいってかいます。

I'm going to the book shop and buying it.

メロンをたべて、コーヒーをのみました。

He ate some melon and drank some coffee.

あるいてきます。

I come on foot (walking).

いもうとはあそんでいます。

My younger sister is playing (right now).

しゃちょうはたいへんおこっています。

The director is very angry (he became angry and is still angry).

よろこんでてつだいます。

It'll be a pleasure to help you out.

てがみをもっていきました。

I brought the letter (lit. "having the letter, I came").

たなかさんはでかけています。

Mr. Tanaka's gone out (Mr. Tanaka is not here).

te is more of a "parallel" tense in Japanese. It reflects that the verb goes on along with the rest of the sentence or in a sequence.
te-iru is the same way, the verb is going on at the same time "you exist" hence the -ing.

KotatsuSama

The -te form has many uses; here there are just some of them:

1) It's a way to connect two sentences (a kind of equivalent expression for "and").

2) Equivalent to English "-ing".

3) -te+iru: to describe an action that is now happening or that is not already finished.
[There are similar grammatical structures with verbs like "shimau", "ageru", "yaru", "miru"... but I guess they should have their own section]

4) Replacing an adverb.

5) Motte+iku/kuru: to bring, to take, to carry something.

6) Present perfect in some cases.

When the -te form is applied to adjectives finished in -i, it has also a copulative function: joining two or more adjectives by adding -kute instead -i.

天気が悪くて、たいへん困りました。
The weather was bad, and that bothered us.

あの映画は短く面白いです。= あの映画は短くて面白いです。
That film is short and amusing.

[I must apologize for the possible mistakes this note may have. English is not my native language]

fio

Note, many, many, other uses of [vte].

Amatuka

Hmm, not the most natural example sentence in the world ^^v

Amatuka

Also -i adjectives join with -kute -くて
The copula has the 'te' form of で.

Amatuka

Verbs with auxillary verbs and auxillary adjectives use the -te form. e.g. やってみてください。
やる(in -te form, to do) みる (in -te form, to try) ください (request). All together Please try to do it.

Amatuka

It is sometimes much the same as 'and'.

Amatuka

[List of conjugations to be done]

Amatuka

It's a JLPT level 4 grammar point (both the -て and -くて forms, btw), and not a level 3 one; Only some of the -て + verb forms are part of the JLPT level 3 grammar requirements

Aria