言う, 云う, 謂う, いう, ゆう
Conjugated: 言って
Godan verb
1. to say, to utter, to declare
2. to name, to call
Only 言う
3. to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"), to make a noise
この動物は日本語で何と言いますか。
くれる, 呉れる
Conjugated: くれた
Ichidan verb, Transitive, See あげる・18, Usually in kana, the receiver is the speaker or someone close to the speaker
1. to give, to let (one) have
Auxiliary verb, after the -te form of a verb
2. to do for one, to take the trouble to do
3. to do to someone's disadvantage
友達がはがきをくれるように私に頼んだ。
暮れる, 眩れる, 暗れる, 昏れる, くれる
Conjugated: くれた
Ichidan verb, Intransitive
1. to get dark, to grow dark
2. to end (of a day, year, season, etc.), to come to an end, to close
3. to be sunk in (e.g. despair), to be lost in (e.g. thought), to be overcome with
冬の日は速く暮れる。
繰る, くる
Conjugated: くれた
Godan verb, Transitive
1. to reel, to wind, to spin (thread)
2. to turn (pages), to flip through (a book), to leaf through (a book), to consult (a dictionary), to refer to (an encyclopedia)
3. to count (e.g. the days)
4. to open one-by-one, to close one-by-one (e.g. shutters)
それがいつだったか日を繰って確かめた。
えぐる, 抉る, 刳る, 剔る, くる
Conjugated: くれた
Godan verb, Transitive, Usually in kana
1. to gouge, to hollow out, to bore, to excavate, to scoop out
Only えぐる
2. to greatly perturb, to cause emotional pain
3. to get to the bottom of things, to relentlessly bring the truth to light
傷を深くえぐってはならない、傷を新たに作ることになるから。
の
Particle, See 乃, occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之
1. indicates possessive
2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
See が・1
3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
often ん
4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion
Female term or language
5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
は
Particle, pronounced わ in modern Japanese
1. indicates sentence topic
2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
3. adds emphasis