問題, もんだい
1. question (e.g. on a test), problem
2. problem (e.g. societal, political), issue, subject (e.g. of research), case, matter
3. question (i.e. doubt)
4. public discussion, controversy
5. trouble, inconvenience, difficulty
あなたはどのようにしてその問題を解いたのですか。
は
Particle, pronounced わ in modern Japanese
1. indicates sentence topic
2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
3. adds emphasis