が
Particle
1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
Conjunction
3. but, however, still, and
after the volitional form of a verb
4. regardless of, whether (or not)
ある, 有る, 在る
Godan verb, Intransitive, See 居る・いる・1, Usually in kana, usu. of inanimate objects
1. to be, to exist, to live
2. to have
3. to be located
4. to be equipped with
5. to happen, to come about
悪いけどほかに用事があるの。
ある, 或る, 或
Pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi), Usually in kana
a certain ..., some ...
ある学生に会うところです。
の
Particle, See 乃, occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之
1. indicates possessive
2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
See が・1
3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
often ん
4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion
Female term or language
5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
か
Particle, at sentence end
1. indicates a question
after each alternative
2. or, whether or not
See 何か・1, after an interrogative
3. some- (e.g. something, someone)
indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles
4. hmm, huh
Prefix, See か弱い, emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective
5. very